Reason itself tells us that for every
design there is a designer. In fact, the evidence is so clear that only
someone who refuses to use his reason could miss it. If I find an
arrowhead on the ground the evidence that was shaped by a designer is
obvious. Random events do not produce the balance, regular lines, and
uniform appearance seen in an arrowhead. Likewise, if I come across
part of an old stone wall, while walking through the woods, reason
tells me that it had a designer. Even if the wall was made without
cement, the fact that it was designed is obvious, for the orderly
arrangement of the rocks is clear evidence of design. While the effects
of nature may break down such a wall, they could never produce one. For
the same reason, when I see a house, the evidence that it had a
designer is so obvious that a person would have to throw their brain
out the window to believe that it was formed gradually over millions of
years. Our reason tells us that intelligence was needed to plan and
arrange all of the parts so that they fit together to form a house. And
that same reason also tells us that the forces of nature may cause a
house to decay and fall apart, but they could never assemble one.
Just as it is
obvious that an arrowhead, a wall, and a house must have a designer, it
is also obvious that the human eye must have a designer. In fact, the
evidence of design can be seen in the shape of the parts, the way that
the parts are arranged, and in the fact that their arrangement enables
them to function as a whole. As we look at the individual parts of an
eye, it becomes apparent that we need some cells that are clear. If
those cells were brought into existence by nothing more than time and
chance, it would be just as likely for them to be on our arm, leg, or
finger as on our face. And it would be more likely for them to be
scattered around our body, or lumped together as a shapeless blob, than
it would for them to be joined together in an optically perfect
formation. Therefore, the fact that those clear cells are arranged in
neat circles in our eyes, and that we have two eyes which are arranged
in an artistic pattern on our face, is in itself evidence of design.
Those clear cells
must also be free of blood vessels, otherwise the capillaries running
to each cell would make vision impossible. For that reason, they need a
different system, both for getting oxygen and for getting rid of waste,
than the rest of the body. Without a designer to plan their formation,
how would they know that they needed a different system? Who would tell
them? Is it reasonable to believe that they figured it out for
themselves? Do you think that they just got together and said, “Since
our job is to let light enter the eye, we need to turn clear and start
getting our oxygen from a different source”? Or is it more
reasonable to believe that, the fact that these details were taken into
consideration and provided for is evidence of design.
Let us look a
little more closely at the fact that some of those clear cells just
happen to take the form of a lens. If you found a glass lens on the
ground, would it be more reasonable for you to believe that natural
forces shaped it, or that a designer shaped it and someone later lost
it? If you believe that a designer shaped it: Is it reasonable to
believe that no designer was needed to give certain cells in our eyes
the exact shape they need to focus light? Not if your brain is working!
Why, the shape of the lens is itself evidence of design.
In addition to
clear cells and a lens, the eye must also have a photosensitive surface
for light to focus on. And, bingo, a photosensitive surface (the
retina) just happens to be there. Or was it more than just chance that
put it there? Come to think of it, if random events could give our
cells photosensitive qualities, why didn’t any of our other cells
acquire those qualities? Furthermore, how did they just happen to find
their way to the inside of the eye? Actually, when you think about it,
the very existence of photosensitive cells, as well as the fact that
they have been placed in the eye and given the exact shape and position
needed to receive a focused image, is evidence of design. In the light
of such evidence, a person would have to throw their brain out the
window to believe that mere chance could produce such cells, place them
in the eye, or give them the exact shape needed to receive a focused
image.
In addition to the
hardware needed to focus light, there must also be a code for
transmitting an image to the brain, and a cable to carry that code. In
fact, the photosensitive cells would be worthless, if they could not
transmit the image they receive to the brain. However, it would be
irrational for us to assume that such a code could write itself.
Likewise, it would be irrational to assume that chance events could
provide the perfect cable for transmitting that code (the optic nerve),
or place that cable in exactly the right place. You may not realize it,
but the optic nerve is more complex than our most complex computer. It
has to be complex in order to carry all parts of an image without
mixing them up. Therefore, the very existence of a mechanism for
transmitting an image to the brain, as well as the way that the parts
are all joined together to form a functional whole, is evidence of
design.
For our eyes to
function, our brain must also have the ability to decode the
information transmitted to it by the retina, and organize that
information into a picture that is right side up. In fact, if our brain
did not have that ability, our eyes would be useless. At the same time,
our eyes need a system that will enable them to move, a system to focus
them, and a system to keep them moist (the moisture must also have
antiseptic qualities). However, such systems not only require design,
but need design to put them in the right place and to arrange the parts
into a functional whole. Therefore, the very fact that such systems
exist, and that they work, is evidence of design.
Although we have
considered only a few parts of the eye, the evidence that it has been
designed is obvious. Moreover, the deeper one looks the more obvious
the evidence becomes. In fact, it would be just as foolish to claim
that the eye came into existence without design as it would to claim
that video cameras came into existence without design. Furthermore, it
is equally obvious that our designer has far more knowledge and ability
than we do.
While it is easy to
see the evidence that our eyes have been designed, the more we know
about our other organs the more obvious it becomes that they have also
been designed. Our pancreas, liver, and kidneys not only are miniature
chemical processing plants, but they produce exactly what is needed,
have a mechanism for distributing it, and discharge it where it is
needed in just the right amounts. Things like that don’t just happen!
Consider, for
example, our circulatory system. The very fact that capillaries reach
every cell in your body is in itself evidence of design. Not only would
our existence be impossible without a network of capillaries to connect
our arteries with our veins, but a chance arrangement of capillaries
would place too many capillaries in some parts of the body and too few
in others (causing cells to die and rot to set in). Furthermore, the
fact that our veins and arteries just happen to be made up of
especially dense (leak proof) cell layers (we would not live long
otherwise), is another evidence of design.
Another thing to
consider is the fact that your blood cells cannot reproduce by
splitting in half as other cells do. If they did, your veins and
arteries would be clogged in no time. Therefore, isn’t it convenient
that your body just happens to be provided with little blood cell
factories in the form of bone marrow? Things like that just do not
happen without planning. Furthermore, your blood needs hemoglobin in
order for it to carry oxygen. Who told it that it needed hemoglobin?
Who told it where to get it? The very fact that all of these details
have been considered and provided for is evidence of design.
Let us also look at
the digestive system. Have you ever wondered why your digestive juices
do not eat up the inside of your stomach? You would not live long if
they did. However, your stomach lining just happens to be made up of
cells that reproduce fast enough to keep that lining from being eaten
up. Furthermore, the fact that you have digestive juices at all is
amazing. Did you ever wonder how your body was able to acquire just the
right kind of chemical factory needed to make them? Factories do not
just come into existence by chance. In addition, those digestive juices
also need to be present in the right strength. Moreover, in order to
keep them from eating up the skin around your anus, there also needs to
be some way of removing them from the intestinal tract. Therefore,
isn’t it just too convenient that a system for removing them happens to
be there? Finally, isn’t it also convenient that those digestive juices
just happen to change food into a form that can be absorbed by the
blood and used by the body? Or, that nutrients just happen to be taken
into the blood stream, but waste is not? Things like that do not just
happen by chance.
MATHEMATICAL
EVIDENCE OF DESIGN
Since the evidence
of intelligent design is clearly observable, it can be expressed
mathematically as, P+I>P. Briefly put, that formula says that the
evidence something has been designed can be seen in the fact that the
parts (P) plus the intelligence needed to arrange the parts (I) is be
greater than the parts alone (P). Furthermore, as with all scientific
formulas, this formula can be tested scientifically. For example,
suppose that we have all of the parts necessary to make a car. As long
as those parts are just piled in the middle of the floor, the parts (P)
plus the intelligence manifest in the arrangement of the parts (I) is
not be greater than the parts alone. However, as soon as we assemble
those parts, the situation changes. Once we have an assembled car, the
parts (P) plus the intelligence manifest in the arrangement of the
parts (I) is greater than the parts alone. The difference lies in the
fact that the intelligence apparent in the arrangement of the parts
enables the assembled whole to function in a way that the parts alone
never could. Therefore, the functional arrangement of the parts is in
itself evidence of intelligent design. If you would like to pursue this
further I recommend the video series, “The Search for the Origin of
Life” by
John MacKay, P.O. Box 281,
Hartsville, Tenn.37074
SOME
FINAL THOUGHTS
During the
twentieth century, militant atheists murdered millions of people. While
the bloodlust of the NAZIS is well known, over forty million babies
have been butchered in the name of “liberalism.” In many parts of the
world, Christians have been tortured and killed by Communists who
thought nothing of using cruelty to advance their religion. At the same
time, even though persecution has been more subtle in the United
States, it has been every bit as real. Unbelieving teachers or
professors mock the beliefs of Christian students (I have experienced
that). Christian educators are fired because they do not believe in
evolution. The doctrine of separation of church and state has been
twisted into a tool used to exclude any non-atheist religious beliefs
from the public sector. [See, “Tortured for Christ” by Richard
Wurmbrant and, “Child Abuse in the Classroom” by Phyllis Schlafly.]
While many atheists
are Communists, some are libertarian. While many atheists flaunt their
immorality, some claim to be moral people. However, an atheist who
chooses to live a “moral” life, is living a life that is inconsistent
with their atheist beliefs, for if atheism were really true, and there
was no God, then right and wrong would just be a matter of opinion. To
put it another way, since belief in morality assumes that an authority
higher than self exists, it is incompatible with atheism.
CONCLUSION
Reason not only
tells us that we have a Designer, but it also tells us that He is good.
We can see that goodness not only in the way our bodies are designed
but also in the beauty of the world and all of the good things that He
has provided for us. At the same time, reason also tells us that
something is wrong with the world. In it we see conflict, pain,
suffering, decay and death. However, while reason cannot tell us who
our Designer is, why there is so much suffering in the world, or how we
can be saved from death, our Designer has revealed the answer to those
questions in the Bible.
Wherefore,
as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so
death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned // But God
commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners,
Christ died for us // For God so loved the world, that he gave his only
begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but
have everlasting life. (Romans 5:8, 12, John 3:16)